Discuss the role of archaeological and textual sources in writing the history of ancient India

The archaeological sources played an important role in constructing or/and reconstructing the history of a region.

The archaeological source of Indian history is only about two centuries old.

The archaeological source enhanced our knowledge about our past and also provided important materials, which we could not have been obtained otherwise.

Up to 1920, Indian civilization was considered to have begun about 6th century B.C. However, the excavations at Mohenjodaro, Kalibangan, and Harappa prove its antiquity to be of 5,000 B.C.

Prehistoric artifacts found in the excavations have shown that human activities had started here as early as about two million years ago.

Epigraphy and Numismatics are the important branches of the study of history, which has greatly enhanced the knowledge of India's past.

Epigraphy is the study of inscriptions and Numismatic is the study of coins, medals, or paper money.

Coins are an important numismatic source that tells us about the Indo-Greek, Saka-Parthian, and Kushana Kings.

Inscriptions of Ashoka and Samudragupta provide valuable information about social and political status of the people of that period.

The study of these inscriptions reveals the world about Ashoka's views on dharma (religion) and conquests of Samudragupta.

The temples and sculptures display an architectural and artistic history of the Indians from the Gupta period up-to recent times.

During the Gupta period, the large caves i.e. Chaityas and Viharas were excavated in the hills of Western India.

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