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Safe machine design focuses on developing machines that minimize risks to workers during operation, maintenance, and repair. It applies engineering principles to eliminate hazards at the design stage and incorporates ergonomic features to improve worker safety, comfort, and efficiency. ## Principles of Safe Machine Design ### 1. Elimination of Hazards at the Design Stage * The best approach to machine safety is to remove hazards before the machine is installed. * Designers should avoid exposed moving parts, sharp edges, excessive noise, and hazardous energy sources. ### 2. Use of Safety Guards and Protective Devices * Machines should be designed with suitable guards, barriers, and safety devices. * Guards should prevent access to dangerous parts without affecting normal operation. ### 3. Fail-Safe Design * Machines should be designed so that failure of a component does not create a dangerous situation. * Safety systems should automatically move the machine to a safe condition during faults. ### 4. Emergency Stop Features * Machines should have easily accessible emergency stop buttons or devices. * These allow quick shutdown during unsafe conditions or emergencies. ### 5. Control System Safety * Machine controls should be _________ ____ _______ _________ ________ ______.
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