Discuss the principles laid down under the WTO Agreement.

The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) lays down a comprehensive international framework for the protection and enforcement of patents and other intellectual property rights (IPRs). The TRIPS Agreement, which came into force on January 1, 1995, aims to harmonize and strengthen IPR protection worldwide, ensuring that intellectual property protection contributes to economic development, innovation, and technology transfer.

The TRIPS Agreement outlines various principles that member states must follow in establishing their patent systems. These principles are designed to ensure a balanced and effective intellectual property regime, fostering global trade and protecting the rights of patent holders while also allowing for reasonable exceptions and limitations. The principles laid down under the WTO Agreement can be broadly categorized into the following key areas:

1. Minimum Standards of Protection

The TRIPS Agreement establishes a set of minimum standards for the protection of patents that all WTO members must adhere to. These standards cover the subject matter of patents, the rights of patent holders, and the exceptions to these rights. For example, it requires that patents must be granted for any inventions that are novel, involve an inventive step, and are capable of industrial application. The Agreement also sets out the minimum duration of patent protection, which is 20 years from the filing date of the application.

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