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The modernization theory of development emerged in the post-World War II era as a dominant framework for understanding the socio-economic transformation of societies. Rooted in classical sociological thought and heavily influenced by Western liberal ideologies, modernization theory posits that development is a linear, progressive process through which traditional societies evolve into modern, industrialized nations. It draws heavily on the experiences of Western Europe and North America, suggesting that all societies follow a similar path of transformation, albeit at different paces. At its core, modernization theory views development as a transition from traditional to modern society. Traditional societies are characterized as agrarian, hierarchical, and governed by customs and religious values. In contrast, modern societies are industrial, urban, secular, and driven by rationality, individualism, and technological advancement. Modernization theorists argue that development requires the adoption of modern institutions, values, and practices such as capitalism, democracy, scientific innovation, education, and a secular worldview. One of the foundational proponents of modernization theory was Walt W. Rostow, whose model of economic growth outlined a five-stage ____ _____ ______ ___ ____.
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