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The immune response to viral infection involves a coordinated interplay between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Initially, the innate immune system detects viral components through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors in infected cells. Recognition of viral RNA or DNA triggers signaling pathways that induce the production of type I interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which ____ _________ _________ _______ ________ _________ ____ ___ ______ _________.
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