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Measures of central tendency are statistical tools that are used to summarize a set of data by identifying the central point within a distribution. In the context of informetrics and scientometrics, which deal with the analysis of information, data, and publications, these measures play a crucial role in understanding patterns and trends in scholarly communication, citation practices, and information retrieval. The three most commonly used measures of central tendency are the mean, median, and mode, each of which has specific applications, merits, and demerits.

### Mean
The mean, often referred to as the arithmetic average, is calculated by summing all the values in a dataset and dividing the sum by the number of values. In scientometrics, the mean is frequently used to determine the average number of citations per publication or the average impact factor of journals.

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