Discuss the main features of communalism and fundamentalism.

Communalism and fundamentalism are two concepts that have become increasingly relevant in modern-day politics, both domestically and internationally. Communalism refers to a political ideology that promotes the interests of a particular religious or ethnic group over others, while fundamentalism is characterized by strict adherence to a set of religious beliefs and practices. Both communalism and fundamentalism have been associated with violence and intolerance, and in this essay, we will discuss their main features and highlight their similarities and differences.

Main features of communalism:

1. Identity politics: Communalism is based on identity politics, which means that individuals identify themselves primarily on the basis of their religion or ethnicity. This leads to the creation of exclusive communities, which can cause tension and conflict with other communities.

2. Social division: Communalism often creates social divisions and promotes discrimination against those who do not belong to the dominant religious or ethnic group. This can lead to the marginalization of minority groups and can also cause violence and conflict.

3. Political mobilization: Communalism is often used as a tool for political mobilization, where political leaders use religious or ethnic identity to gain support for their political agenda. This can lead to the exploitation ______ __________ __________ ________ _____ _________ ____ _____.
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