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The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works is one of the most significant international agreements in the field of intellectual property rights, aimed at providing a unified framework for the protection of authors’ rights across member countries. Adopted in 1886 and subsequently revised several times, the Convention establishes fundamental principles and minimum standards that member states must follow to ensure effective protection of literary and artistic works. It plays a central role in harmonizing copyright laws internationally and facilitating the recognition of authors’ rights beyond national boundaries. One of the most important principles of the Berne Convention is the principle of national treatment. According to this principle, works originating in one member country must be given the same level of protection in other member countries as those countries grant to the works of their own nationals. This ensures that foreign authors are not discriminated against and enjoy equal legal protection. For example, a book written by an author in one member country will receive the same protection in another member country as a book written by a local author of that country. This _________ _____ ____ _____ _____ ____ ________ ____ ____.
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