Discuss the impact of HIV/AIDS on Children.

The impact of HIV on the well-being of children

The impact of HIV on the health, education and social well-being of children in Uganda has been profound.

Impact on children’s health

In contrast to trends in the industrialized world, life expectancy in Uganda decreased from 48 years in 1985 to 42 years in 2000 and is projected to decline further, although at a reduced rate. At the same time, projections for the infant mortality rate (IMR) show an upward trend due to AIDS

AIDS affects not only childhood mortality but also the pattern of illness and disease observed in children

Ntozi (1997) conducted a study in six districts of Uganda on AIDS and its impact. In this study, a sample of households that had experienced death in the last 10 years was selected and household heads or competent persons interviewed. For each household member who was ill or had been sick in the last four weeks before the survey, questions were asked regarding the name, sex, age, type of illness and duration of sickness. As shown in figure 5, AIDS and related diseases featured as a cause of illness for the under-fives much more than for older children

Presumably this was because most of the HIV-positive children had died by the age of five. Although this study relied on respondents’ perceptions, it provides a picture of the pattern of morbidity.

Nutrition:

Results from the baseline findings in a June 2001 study on children affected by HIV reveal that nearly a fifth (19.6 per cent) of older children and 15.2 per cent of younger children reported not getting enough food to eat a few times a week or more. Interestingly, older orphans are the most likely (24.8 per cent) to report not getting enough to eat a few times a week or more (Gilborn et al. 2001).

Impact on the health sector

In Uganda, as in the rest of sub-Saharan Africa, AIDS is the leading cause of mortality, ahead of malaria, tuberculosis and other diseases (chapter 11). According to the MoH Management Information System, AIDS is responsible for up to 12 per cent of deaths in Uganda, is a leading killer of adults aged 15–49 years, and the fourth leading cause of death among under-five children. Only about 1.2 per cent of the health budget is specifically dedicated to HIV, though a considerable part of the general health infrastructure is used for care of HIV-infected patients. As in Botswana, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, South Africa and Zambia, about half the available hospital beds are occupied by those with AIDS and related opportunistic infections.

Only 49 per cent of Ugandans reside within 5km of a health facility, and only two fifths (40 per cent) of the units have achieved a minimum staffing norm. The ratio of doctors to people in Uganda is 1:18,000, while that of nurses is 1:3,000. The problems of staffing and access to health services are being addressed through the creation of health subdistricts. On 1 March 2001, cost-sharing in public facilities was abolished because it was found that 43 per _____ ________ _______ _____ ____ _________ ________ _________ ______ ________.
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