Discuss the idea of European integration. Has it been successful in its goal?

European integration is the process of industrial, economic, political, legal, social and cultural integration of states wholly or partially in Europe or nearby. European integration has primarily come about through the European Union and its policies.

One of the most influential theories of European integration is neofunctionalism, developed by Ernst B. Haas ( and further investigated by Leon Lindberg (. This theory focuses on spillovers of integration, which leads to more integration. By contrast, the other big influential theory in Integration Studies, Liberal Intergovernmentalism, focuses on state preferences being realised through bargaining. This theory was developed by Andrew Moravcsik in the 1990s, by building on the 'intergovernmentalist' work of Stanley Hoffman and others. It remains very influential.The important debate between neofunctionalism and Liberal intergovernmentalism still remains central in understanding the development and setbacks of the European integration.

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