Discuss the geometrical classification of folds with the help of neat well labelled diagrams.

Folds are fundamental structural features in physical and structural geology, representing bends or warps in originally planar rock layers due to tectonic forces such as compression. The geometrical classification of folds is primarily based on the orientation of their axial planes, the shape of the fold profile, and the relative displacement of the limbs. Understanding this classification helps geologists interpret the deformation history and stress conditions of a region.

The main geometrical parameters to classify folds include the axial plane, limbs, hinge line, and fold axis. The axial plane is an imaginary surface that divides the fold as symmetrically as possible into two limbs. The limbs are the sides of the fold on either side of the axial plane. The hinge line is the line of maximum curvature along the folded layer, and the fold axis is the trend of the hinge line.

Classification of folds based on axial plane orientation

1. Symmetrical Folds
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