Discuss the factors which limit the accuracy of pH measurements.
pH measurements play a crucial role in various fields, including chemistry, biology, environmental science, and industry. However, several factors can limit the accuracy of pH measurements, affecting the reliability of the obtained results. These factors can be broadly categorized into instrumental limitations, sample characteristics, and environmental conditions.
1. Calibration: pH meters require regular calibration using standard buffer solutions. Improper calibration or using expired buffers can introduce errors into measurements, leading to inaccuracies.
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