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The concept of Quality Management has undergone significant evolution over the last century, adapting to changing industrial needs, customer expectations, and global competition. Quality Management has evolved from simple inspection methods to complex strategic frameworks such as Total Quality Management (TQM). This journey can be understood through various stages, from early quality inspection systems to the development and widespread application of Total Quality Management principles in organizations across the world. The roots of Quality Management can be traced back to the period of craftsmanship during the pre-industrial era. In this stage, artisans took personal responsibility for the quality of their products. Quality was ensured through direct involvement and pride in craftsmanship, with minimal need for formal quality systems. However, with the advent of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, production processes shifted towards mass manufacturing, and the emphasis moved from individual craftsmanship to standardized production. This transition necessitated the introduction of formal inspection systems to monitor and control product quality in large-scale production facilities. The early 20th century marked the beginning of scientific approaches to quality. Frederick W. Taylor introduced the principles of scientific management, which emphasized standardization and efficiency in production processes. Quality during this phase was largely viewed as conformity to specifications and was maintained through end-of-line inspection. This method, although useful, was reactive rather than preventive, often leading to increased waste and costs due to defective products being identified only after production. The next significant development came with the contributions of pioneers such as Walter A. Shewhart in the 1920s. Shewhart introduced _______ ___ __________ ____ _________ ____.
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