Discuss the evolution of non-formal education in post-independence India with special reference to Constitutional provision of free and compulsory education to all children up to the age of 14 years

The evolution of non-formal education in post-independence India has been closely intertwined with the Constitutional provision of free and compulsory education to all children up to the age of 14 years. This provision, enshrined in Article 45 of the Indian Constitution as a Directive Principle of State Policy, reflects India's commitment to providing equitable educational opportunities for its citizens. The journey of non-formal education in India can be traced through various phases, policies, and initiatives aimed at realizing this constitutional goal.

1. Pre-Independence Roots: Before independence, India had a rich tradition of informal and non-formal education systems, including Gurukuls and Madrasas. These systems provided education in diverse fields, focusing not only on academic knowledge but also on vocational and life skills. However, they were largely unregulated and limited in reach.

2. Post-Independence Vision: With independence in 1947, India set out on a path of social and economic development, recognizing the pivotal role of education in nation-building. The Constitution of India, adopted in 1950, articulated a vision for ______ _______ ___ __________ ______ ________ ___ _________ ______ __________.
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