Discuss the different measures of value for company valuation? Explain the various methods used to assess and measure future value of equity shares which are based on quantitative factors with suitable examples.

Security Analysis and Portfolio Management involve the evaluation and selection of securities for investment to achieve the optimal risk-return trade-off. One crucial aspect of this process is company valuation, which aims to determine the intrinsic value of a company's equity shares. Various measures of value exist, and multiple methods are employed to assess and measure the future value of equity shares, often relying on quantitative factors. Let's delve into these concepts.

### Measures of Value for Company Valuation:

#### 1. Book Value:
   - Definition: Book value is the net asset value of a company, calculated by subtracting total liabilities from total assets.
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