Discuss the conceptual framework of New Public Management.

New Public Management (NPM) is a conceptual framework that emerged in the 1980s and 1990s as a response to the perceived inefficiencies and bureaucratic shortcomings of traditional public administration. It advocates for applying private sector management principles and practices to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability of public sector organizations. Let's discuss the conceptual framework of New Public Management:

1. Managerialism: NPM emphasizes the adoption of managerial approaches in public administration. It promotes the idea that public sector organizations should be managed in a manner similar to private sector businesses. This includes principles such as results-oriented management, performance measurement, strategic planning, and the use of market mechanisms.

2. Performance Orientation: NPM places a strong emphasis on performance and results. It seeks to shift ___ ______ ____ ____ ____ _______ _________ ______ ________.
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