Discuss the conceptual framework of New Public Management.

New Public Management (NPM) is a management philosophy that emerged in the 1980s as a response to the perceived shortcomings of traditional public administration. It was developed in response to the need for governments to address the increasing complexity and diversity of public services, as well as to the pressures of globalization, economic liberalization, and the growing demand for efficiency and effectiveness in the public sector. The conceptual framework of NPM is based on a set of core principles and practices that emphasize the application of private sector management techniques to the public sector.

The core principles of NPM include a focus on results and outcomes, customer orientation, decentralized decision-making, competition, and accountability. These principles are based on the assumption that public services can be improved through the _____ _____ _________ ___ _____ ______ ______ _________ _____.
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