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The concept of tribe in the Indian context has evolved through historical, anthropological, administrative, and political processes. In India, the term “tribe” generally refers to communities that are identified as Scheduled Tribes under Article 342 of the Constitution. However, the idea of tribe is not merely a legal category; it reflects distinctive cultural patterns, social organization, economic practices, and historical experiences of marginalization. Indian tribes, often referred to as Adivasis, are considered the indigenous inhabitants of the subcontinent, though this claim is debated among scholars. Anthropologically, a tribe has been described as a social group characterized by a common territory, shared language or dialect, endogamy, kinship-based organization, and a sense of unity derived from common ancestry. Early anthropologists such as D.N. Majumdar and G.S. Ghurye offered differing interpretations. Majumdar emphasized the relative isolation, primitive traits, and simple _________ ________ _____ ________ ________ ____ _______ _______ _____ __________ ___ ______.
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