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Psychological First Aid (PFA) is an evidence-informed approach designed to reduce initial distress caused by traumatic events and to foster short- and long-term adaptive functioning. It is not formal psychotherapy, but a supportive intervention aimed at helping individuals in the immediate aftermath of emergencies, disasters, or crises. The primary goal of PFA is to provide humane, supportive, and practical assistance to people affected by stressful or potentially traumatic events. This includes both those directly affected and those indirectly impacted, such as family members or community members witnessing a crisis. The concept of PFA emerged from a recognition that traditional mental health interventions in the early phases of disaster response were often ineffective or even potentially harmful. Conventional psychological interventions, such as debriefing sessions conducted immediately after trauma, sometimes exacerbated distress or reinforced traumatic memories. In contrast, PFA is grounded in the principles of promoting safety, calmness, self- and community-efficacy, connectedness, and hope. It is flexible, culturally sensitive, and can be administered by trained professionals as well as by lay responders who have received basic instruction. The intervention is meant to be practical, non-intrusive, and focused on the immediate needs of individuals. In emergency situations, the role of PFA _________ ___ ____ ________ __________ _______ __________ _________ _______ ________.
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