Discuss the concept of e-governance and its models.

Electronic governance or e-governance is the application of information and communication technology (ICT) for delivering government services, exchange of information, communication transactions, integration of various stand-alone systems and services between government-to-citizen (G2C), government-to-business (G2B), government-to-government (G2G), government-to-employees (G2E) as well as back office processes and interactions within the entire government framework. Through e-governance, government services will be made available to citizens in a convenient, efficient and transparent manner. The three main target groups that can be distinguished in governance concepts are government, citizens and businesses/interest groups. According to the World Bank, e-Governance is defined as “e-Governance refers to the use by government agencies of information technologies (such as Wide Area Networks, the Internet, and mobile computing) that have the ability to transform relations with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government. These technologies can serve a variety of different ends: better delivery of government services to citizens, improved interactions with business and industry, citizen empowerment through access to information, or more efficient government management. The resulting benefits can be less corruption, increased transparency, greater convenience, revenue growth, and/or cost reductions.” However, the concept of e-Governance has no specific definition; because it is defined by objective of activities rather than by the technology, therefore it requires broad definition and wider understanding for a government to implement it successfully.To guide and benchmark e-Governance development, researchers and academia proposed different types of e-Governance system development models, so called maturity _________ ___ _____ ______ __________ _____ _____.
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