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The Chola naval expedition to Southeast Asia was one of the most significant maritime enterprises of early medieval India. It took place during the reign of Rajendra Chola I, particularly in 1025 CE, and demonstrated the naval strength, commercial ambitions and political influence of the Chola Empire. The expedition was directed mainly against the Srivijaya kingdom, a powerful maritime state controlling important trade routes and ports in Southeast Asia. The Cholas had developed extensive commercial relations with Southeast Asia through the Bay of Bengal. Tamil merchant organisations such as the Ayyavole 500, Manigramam and Anjuvannam were actively involved in overseas trade. The Chola rulers benefited from this expanding maritime commerce in commodities such as spices, precious stones, textiles, aromatics and luxury goods. Srivijaya, centred in Sumatra, controlled important maritime ____ _____ _________ ________ ___ ________ ____.
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