Discuss the causes for the decline of the Harappan civilization.

The decline of the Harappan civilization, one of the ancient world's most advanced urban cultures, is a topic that has intrigued historians and archaeologists for decades. The Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley civilization, flourished from around 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, spanning parts of present-day Pakistan and northwest India. Despite its remarkable achievements in urban planning, craftsmanship, and trade, the civilization faced a gradual decline that eventually led to its collapse by the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. Several factors have been proposed to explain the decline of the Harappan civilization, offering a complex and multifaceted view of its demise.

1. Environmental Factors:
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