Discuss the British colonial intervention in India’s economy in the early 19^th century

The British presence in India began as a commercial enterprise: the British East India Company, a trading organization, had been active on the subcontinent since the early 1600s and, by the middle of the 1700s, had turned India into what historian Philip J. Stern calls “the company state.” However, the 19th century witnessed the peak of Britain’s colonial era, when India was considered the crown jewel of a huge empire on which, as a contemporary phrase put it, "the sun never set."

Government

The India the British encountered was not a unified country, but a patchwork of principalities, and colonial control came gradually through treaties and alliances. British control over India shifted dramatically in the mid-19th century. In the first half of the century, the British East India Company effectively ran British India as its own domain, but in 1857 an armed mutiny of Indian soldiers serving under the British flag changed everything. In the rebellion’s aftermath, the British government took direct control of the administration of India, establishing the India Office and a secretary of state for India in London, and appointing a viceroy and provincial governors to govern in India itself.

Expansion

Through the second half of the 19th century, the amount of India's territory under either direct or indirect British control grew as officials signed treaties with local princes. Under the agreements, the land was considered British territory but the princes continued to rule, albeit with interference from British officials and under constant threat of removal if they stepped out of line. Some princes became tremendously wealthy under the British regime; the Nizam of Hyderabad, for example, became __________ ______ _________ _________ _______ __________ _________ ___.
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