Discuss the behaviour of a dielectric in an electric field and thereby define molecular polarisability and polarisation

Behavior of a Dielectric in an Electric Field:

When a dielectric material is placed in an electric field, it undergoes a phenomenon known as polarization. Unlike conductors, dielectrics do not allow the flow of electric charges. Instead, the electric field causes the charges within the dielectric molecules to rearrange, creating an induced dipole moment. This rearrangement of charges leads to the formation of electric dipoles within the dielectric material.

Dielectrics can be classified into polar and nonpolar substances based on their molecular structure. Polar dielectrics have an inherent dipole moment, while nonpolar dielectrics acquire an induced dipole moment in the presence of an electric field.

Molecular Polarisability:

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