Discuss symptoms of major diseases of Apple and also describe their control.

Apple crops are susceptible to a range of diseases that can significantly impact their growth, yield, and quality. Among the major diseases affecting apple trees, some of the most common include apple scab, powdery mildew, fire blight, and cedar apple rust. These diseases have distinct symptoms and require specific management strategies for effective control.

Apple Scab (Venturia inaequalis): 
Apple scab is one of the most widespread and damaging diseases in apple orchards. It primarily affects the leaves, fruits, and twigs. The initial symptom is the appearance of dark, olive-green lesions on the upper surfaces of young leaves. These lesions later become darker and irregular, causing the leaves to turn yellow and fall prematurely. On the fruit, apple scab causes dark, sunken lesions that lead to fruit distortion, making them unmarketable. The disease can also cause twig dieback. 

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