Discuss Rayleigh’s criterion for resolving power of an optical instrument. Obtain an expression for resolving power of a microscope.
Rayleigh's criterion is a fundamental concept in optics that determines the resolving power of an optical instrument. It states that two point sources or objects can be just barely resolved if the principal maximum of the point spread function (PSF) of one source coincides with the first minimum of the PSF of the other source. In simpler terms, if two closely spaced objects can be distinguished as separate entities rather than appearing as a single blurred object, then they are considered to be resolved according to Rayleigh's criterion.
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