Discuss in detail various grounds available for revocation of Patents.

The revocation of patents is a critical aspect of patent law, designed to ensure that the exclusivity granted to patent holders does not unjustly impede innovation or public interest. In India, the grounds for revocation of patents are primarily enshrined under Section 64 of the Indian Patents Act, 1970. Revocation may be sought by any person interested, the Central Government, or through counterclaims in an infringement suit. The mechanism serves as a safeguard against the misuse or erroneous grant of patents. Below is a detailed discussion of the various grounds available for revocation of patents:

1. Lack of Novelty

A fundamental criterion for the grant of a patent is that the invention must be novel. If it is shown that the invention was already known or has been published before the date of filing, it lacks novelty. Any prior publication in India or elsewhere, public use, or prior claim in another patent application can serve as a ground for revocation. For instance, if a product or process is disclosed in a prior art document, the patent in question can be revoked.

2. Obviousness or Lack of Inventive Step

An invention must involve an inventive step, i.e., it should not be obvious to a person skilled in the relevant field. If it is proven that the invention does not show a significant technical advancement or economic significance or is merely a combination of known prior arts with predictable results, the patent is liable to _________ ____ ______ __________ _____ __________ _____ ________ ________ ___.
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