Define the doctrine of pith and marrow.

The doctrine of pith and marrow is a legal principle often used in patent law to determine whether a patent claim is valid in the face of an alleged infringement or a challenge. It primarily concerns the extent of protection granted by a patent and the permissible scope of interpretation of the claims within the patent. This doctrine essentially seeks to focus on the essential or core features of a patented invention, allowing the courts to overlook trivial or non-essential differences when determining if a patent has been infringed.

The doctrine of pith and marrow arose from case law in various jurisdictions, particularly in the UK and the US, and it reflects a broad, rather than a literal, interpretation of patent claims. The doctrine is particularly relevant when an alleged infringer's product or process does not mirror the exact wording of the patent claims but is seen as infringing upon the core inventive concept, the "pith and marrow" of the invention.

The term “pith and marrow” itself refers to the essential substance or the heart of the invention. It is based on the idea that a patent should not be invalidated or its scope of protection narrowed merely because the specific language used in the claims is not strictly adhered to by the infringer. In other words, the courts are _________ ______ _________ ____ _____ _________.
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