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The planning process in India has played a significant role in shaping the trajectory of agriculture and rural development. With independence in 1947, India faced several developmental challenges such as poverty, food insecurity, unemployment, and inadequate rural infrastructure. To address these challenges systematically, the Government of India adopted the strategy of Five-Year Plans, beginning in 1951. These plans were intended to provide a roadmap for growth by allocating resources efficiently and setting priorities in areas like agriculture, industry, health, education, and rural development. Agriculture and rural development remained central throughout the planning process because more than two-thirds of India’s population resided in villages, depending primarily on agriculture for livelihood. The First Five-Year Plan (1951–1956) emphasized the revival of the agricultural sector, which was devastated by partition and food shortages. Around 44 percent of the total plan outlay was allocated to agriculture, irrigation, and energy. The plan focused on increasing food grain production, improving irrigation facilities, and promoting community development programs. The Community Development Programme (1952) and National Extension Service (1953) were introduced to bring holistic development at the village level. These programs sought to involve local people in developmental activities and improve agricultural productivity through better seeds, fertilizers, and extension services. The Second Five-Year Plan (1956–1961), also known as the Nehru-Mahalanobis Plan, shifted emphasis toward industrial development, yet agriculture remained a critical concern. With the increase in population, food grain demand rose, compelling the government to initiate measures for enhanced productivity. The Intensive Agricultural District Programme (IADP) was _____ ____ ___ ______ _________ _____.
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