Discuss in brief the powers and functions of the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in a country, and its powers and functions are critical to upholding justice, interpreting the law, and ensuring the protection of rights within the framework of a democratic state. In the context of Social Welfare Administration and Social Action, the role of the Supreme Court can be understood as instrumental in safeguarding the principles of social justice, equity, and the protection of vulnerable groups. Below is a detailed discussion of the powers and functions of the Supreme Court.

### Judicial Review

One of the Supreme Court’s most significant powers is its power of judicial review. This means that the court has the authority to review laws, policies, and governmental actions to ensure that they align with the Constitution. In the context of social welfare, judicial review ensures that any law or policy that negatively impacts marginalized or disadvantaged groups can be challenged in court. This has been particularly important for advancing the cause of social welfare and protecting human rights. For example, the Supreme Court can examine whether social welfare schemes such as reservations, welfare programs, or labor laws are constitutionally valid and whether they promote the well-being of all citizens, particularly the vulnerable sections of society.

### Guardian of the Constitution

The Supreme Court serves as the guardian and interpreter of the Constitution. As the highest constitutional body in the country, it is responsible for ensuring that all actions and laws passed by the legislature are in conformity with the fundamental principles of the Constitution. In cases relating to social welfare, this means that the Supreme Court plays a crucial role in ensuring that policies such as poverty alleviation, healthcare, education, and social security meet constitutional guarantees related to equality, non-discrimination, and the right to a dignified life.

For example, the court has frequently been called upon to interpret provisions related to the fundamental rights of citizens, including those guaranteed under Articles 14, 15, 16, and 21 of the Indian Constitution. These articles ensure equality before the law, prohibit discrimination on grounds of religion, caste, sex, or place of birth, provide for equality of opportunity in public employment, and protect the right to life and __________ _______ __________ ____ ______ _________ ______.
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