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Human adaptation to hot and cold environments is a classic topic in human ecology that demonstrates the interaction between biological evolution, physiological responses, cultural practices, and technological innovations. Human beings have occupied almost every climatic region of the world, from the scorching deserts of Africa and Arabia to the freezing Arctic and high mountain regions. This remarkable adaptability is the result of both inherited biological traits and culturally developed strategies. Adaptation to hot environments involves several physiological, morphological, and behavioral mechanisms that help maintain body temperature within normal limits. The human body maintains thermal balance primarily through sweating and evaporation. Sweat glands become highly active in hot climates, allowing heat to dissipate through evaporative cooling. Increased blood flow to ___ _______ _________ ____ ______ __________ ________.
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