Discuss different theories of imperialism

The history of modern Europe between 1780 and 1939 witnessed profound economic, political, and ideological transformations that contributed to the rise and expansion of imperialism. Theories of imperialism emerged during this period to explain the causes, dynamics, and consequences of imperialist policies pursued by European powers. These theories vary in their perspectives, highlighting different motivations and processes behind imperialism.

### Classical Marxist Theories  
The classical Marxist perspective views imperialism as an inevitable consequence of capitalism's development. According to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, capitalism inherently seeks to expand to sustain itself. This expansion involves the search for new markets, raw materials, and opportunities for investment. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Vladimir Lenin elaborated on this theory in his work *Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism* (1917). Lenin argued that:  
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