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Bioavailability is defined as the rate and extent to which an active drug ingredient reaches the systemic circulation in an unchanged form after administration. It is an important parameter in pharmaceutics because it influences the therapeutic efficacy and safety of drugs. Bioavailability is affected by several pharmaceutical, physiological, and pharmacological factors. The physicochemical properties of the drug greatly influence bioavailability. Drugs with poor aqueous solubility dissolve slowly in gastrointestinal fluids, resulting in reduced absorption. Particle size also plays a significant role because smaller particles provide a larger surface area for dissolution and absorption. The crystalline form of a drug affects dissolution rate, as amorphous forms generally dissolve faster than crystalline forms. Salt formation may improve solubility and enhance absorption. Drugs with high lipid solubility easily cross biological membranes and show better absorption. _________ ______ __________ ____ ___ _______ __________ ___ ______ ________.
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