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Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's views on the annihilation of caste represent a radical departure from traditional Hindu social structure and reflect his deep commitment to social justice, equality, and democracy. In his seminal 1936 speech *Annihilation of Caste*, initially written for the Jat-Pat Todak Mandal but never delivered due to controversy, Ambedkar provides a scathing critique of the Hindu caste system, emphasizing its religious sanction, immorality, and incompatibility with modern democratic values. His views on caste annihilation go far beyond mere social reform; they call for a fundamental transformation of Indian society. Ambedkar began by identifying caste as a deeply entrenched, religiously sanctioned system of graded inequality, unique in its complexity and rigidity. Unlike economic classes or racial segregation, caste in India operates through a system of birth-based hierarchies where mobility is virtually impossible. Ambedkar asserted that caste is not just a division of labor but a division of laborers, marked by graded inequality, where one’s social worth is determined not by individual merit or morality, but by birth. The concept of “graded inequality” was central to his analysis, wherein each caste considers itself superior to the one below and inferior to the one above, leading to a fragmented and internally antagonistic society. This hierarchy, he noted, created a situation where even the oppressed internalized their inferiority, making solidarity and collective resistance difficult. For Ambedkar, the caste system is inseparable from Hindu religious doctrine, particularly the *Manusmriti*, which he denounced as a text that justifies and perpetuates caste discrimination. He argued that the root of caste is the religious ideology that sanctifies it, and therefore, any attempt to annihilate caste without addressing its religious foundations is bound to fail. According to Ambedkar, the real culprit was not merely the __________ __________ __________ __________ _______ _________ ___.
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