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Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s vision of nation-building was profoundly transformative and deeply rooted in the ideals of social justice, equality, and democratic governance. As the principal architect of the Indian Constitution, Ambedkar laid down the ideological and institutional foundations for a modern, inclusive, and just nation-state. His scheme of nation-building was not confined to political restructuring but extended to the social, economic, and moral reconstitution of Indian society. It was both radical and reformist—radical in its critique of the caste system and Brahmanical hegemony, and reformist in its reliance on democratic institutions and constitutionalism. A critical examination of Ambedkar’s scheme of nation-building reveals a comprehensive approach that prioritized social justice, constitutional morality, economic democracy, and the annihilation of caste. Ambedkar’s conceptualization of a nation was starkly different from the dominant nationalist imagination that prevailed during the Indian freedom struggle. While most nationalist leaders emphasized anti-colonial unity, Ambedkar stressed the need to address deep-rooted internal divisions, especially those based on caste, which he considered more dangerous than colonial oppression. For Ambedkar, a nation was not merely a geographic entity or a population under a common government but a community based on fraternity and moral unity. In his writings, particularly in *Annihilation of Caste* and *Thoughts on Linguistic States*, Ambedkar insisted that a nation could not be built on a society fractured by graded inequality. Thus, his scheme of nation-building was inherently anti-caste and anti-hierarchical. At the core of Ambedkar’s nation-building was the annihilation of caste. He believed that the caste system was antithetical to the very idea of a modern democratic nation. The caste order divided people, denied them dignity, and obstructed social solidarity. In *Annihilation of Caste* (1936), Ambedkar declared that political reform without social reform would be futile. _______ _____ _____ _________ ______ _______ _____ _________.
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