Differentiate between income based, cost based and market based method for valuation of patents.

Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) are crucial assets for businesses, and valuing them accurately is essential for various purposes such as licensing, sale, mergers, acquisitions, or financial reporting. There are several methods for valuing patents, among which the income-based, cost-based, and market-based methods are prominent. Each method has its advantages and limitations, and understanding the differences between them is crucial for effective valuation.

1. Income-Based Method:
The income-based method, also known as the income approach, values patents based on the future economic benefits they are expected to generate. This method considers the potential revenue streams attributable to the patent over its useful life. There are two main techniques under this method:

   a. Discounted Cash Flow (DCF): DCF calculates the present value of the future cash flows generated by the patented technology. Cash flows can be estimated based on expected sales, licensing fees, or cost savings resulting from _____ __________ ________ ___ _______ __________ _______ ________ _________ ______ _____.
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