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Eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells are the two fundamental types of cells found in living organisms. They differ significantly in their structure, complexity, genetic organization, and cellular functions. Understanding these differences is essential in applied physiology because cellular organization influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and physiological activities. Prokaryotic cells are simple, primitive cells that lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They are found in organisms belonging to the domains Bacteria and Archaea. Their genetic material consists of a single circular DNA molecule located in a region called the nucleoid. Prokaryotic cells are generally small, measuring about 0.1–5 µm in diameter. They possess a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and usually a rigid cell wall made of peptidoglycan in bacteria. Some prokaryotic cells also contain plasmids, pili, flagella, and capsules that aid in survival, attachment, and movement. Eukaryotic cells are highly organized and structurally complex. They are present in animals, plants, fungi, and protists. These __________ ___ ____ _____ ________ _________.
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