Development of a CAS product.

The following is the Cost Accounting Standard-18 (CAS-18) on “RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS”. The standard deals with methods of determin ing the Research and Development Costs. In this Standard, the standard portions have been set in bold italic type. These are to be read in the context of the background material which has be en set in normal type.

1. Introduction

This standard deals with the principles and methods of determining the Research, and Development Costs and their classification, measure ment and assignment for determination of the cost of product or service, and the presenta tion and disclosure in cost statements.

2. Objective

The objective of this standard is to bring uniformi ty and consistency in the principles and methods of determining the Research, and Developmen t Costs with reasonable accuracy and presentation of the same.

3. Scope

This standard should be applied to cost statements that require classification, measurement, assignment, presentation and disclosure of Research , and Development Costs including those requiring attestation.

4.Definitions

The following terms are being used in this standard with the meaning specified

.4.1 Abnormal cost: An unusual or atypical cost whose occurrence is usually irregular and unexpected and/ or due to some abnormal situation of the production or operation.

4.2 Cost Object: This includes a product, service, cost centre, activity, sub-activity, project,contract, customer or distribution channel or any other unit in relation to which costs are finally ascertained.

4.3 Direct Materials: The cost of materials which can be attributed to a cost object in an

economically feasible way.

4.4 Direct Employee Cost: The cost of employees which can be attributed to a Cost Object in an economically feasible way.

4.5 Direct Expenses: Expenses relating to manufacture of a product or rendering a service, which can be identified or linked with the cost object other than direct material or direct employee cost

Examples of Direct Expenses are royalties charged on production, hire charges for use of specific equipment for a specific job, cost of special designs or drawings for a job, software services specifically required for a job, travelling Expenses for a specific job.

4.6 Imputed Costs: Hypothetical or notional costs, not involving cash outlay, computed ____ ________ _____ _______ _____ _______.
__________ ____ ______ _______ _____ ________ _________ ________ _____ ____ _______.
_____ ___ _______ ___ ________ _______.
________ _____ ________ ___ _________ _______.
_______ ______ __________ __________ ________ _______ _________.
______ ________ ______ _________ ____ __________ _________ ______ _____ __________.
________ ____ _________ ____ ________ _________ _________ _____ __________.
__________ _________ _________ ______ ____ _______ _______ ________.
______ _______ ___ ______ ______ _______ _______ _______ _______ ______.
___ ___ ____ ________ ________ ____ _____ __________.
_________ ______ ________ _________ ____.
___ ______ _____ ________ ________.
______ __________ ____ ________ __________ _________ ___.
____ _________ ______ ___ _________.
_______ ______ ______ _________ _____ ______ _________ ___ ______ ________.
________ _________ ____ __________ ___ __________ _____ ________ ________.
____ _____ ________ __________ __________.
___ _________ ____ ___ ___ _____ _________ ______ _______ _____ _____.
____ ________ ____ __________ ______ ________ ______ ____.
____ ___ __________ _________ _____ _________ ____.
______ ____ ___ ________ ___ ____ ___.
_______ ______ __________ _____ _______ _____ ________ _________ ______.
______ _________ ___ _______ _______ ________ _______ _________.
_____ _____ _____ ___ ______ __________ ________ _______ ________ _________ ____ __________.
_______ _______ _________ ______ _______.
_____ _____ ________ __________ _____ ____.
_____ ____ _____ __________ _______ ________ ________ ________.
_______ ________ _______ __________ _______ __________ ___.
_________ __________ _____ ___ ___ ___ _______ ____.
________ ________ ____ ____ _________ _______ ____ _____ ____ ______.
____ ______ ______ ____ ___ _________ _________ ______.
________ ___ _______ ____ ____ ____ ________ __________ ________.
_________ ___ _______ _______ __________ _______ _________ ______ ____ _____ ___.
__________ ________ ______ _______ ______ _____ _____ _____ _____ ___ ______.
____ ________ _________ ________ ___ ______ ____ _____ _____ ________.
______ ____ _____ _______ _________ __________ _________.
_______ _____ _________ ________ ___ _______ _______ _____ ________ ___.
_______ ______ _____ ______ ______ _______ ________.
_______ _________ __________ ____ _______ __________ _____ __________.
_______ _______ _______ _________ _______ __________ ______ __________ ________ ________ ___.
___ ___ ____ ____ _____ _________ _______ ___ __________ __________ ____.
____ _________ ____ ___ __________ _____.
__________ _________ _______ ___ ____ __________ _____ _________.
____ ________ _________ __________ ___ _____.
________ _____ _________ ____ _________ _______ ___ _______ ___ _______ _______ ________.
___ ___ _________ ____ _________ _________ __________ _________ _________ ________ ________ _________.
_____ __________ ________ ___ __________ _________ ________ ____ _______ ____.
_____ ________ ______ _________ ___ ___ _________.
_______ ___ ____ _____ _______ ______ _______ _______ _______ ___ _____.
_______ ________ __________ ___ ________ ___ _____ ______ ______.
________ ______ ________ _________ ______.
______ ________ _________ _______ _______ _______ ____ ___ ____.
________ _____ ______ __________ ________ ______ _____ _____ _______ ___ ____ ____.
_______ ____ __________ ______ __________.
___ __________ ______ ___ ______ __________ __________ _______.
____ ________ _______ ________ ___ __________ _________ ___.
____ _______ _______ _________ ____ ___.
___ _________ _________ _________ ____ _______ ______ ___ _________ _________ _______.
______ _______ __________ _______ ______ ____.
___ ___ ___ __________ ______ ___.
_________ ______ ________ _______ ________ ___ __________.
_________ _______ ________ ______ ________ ______ ___ ________ ____ __________ ____.
_______ ________ __________ ______ ________.
_____ ________ ___ ____ _________ _________.
________ ________ ________ _______ _________ _________.
_________ _______ ____ ___ __________ __________ _______ ______ ____ __________ _________ __________.
____ _____ ____ ______ _______ __________ _____ _________ ___ _______.
____ _____ ___ ______ ______ __________ __________ ________.
______ _____ ______ ________ __________ __________ _________ __________ _________ ________.
_______ ________ _____ __________ _______ _________ ___ ________.
___ ____ ___ _____ ____ __________ ___.
______ ______ _________ ________ _________.
_________ _______ _________ ______ _________ ________ _______ __________ ___ __________ ______ ______.
_____ _______ ___ _______ ____ _________ __________.
_______ _____ __________ ______ ____.
_______ ______ _________ ___ ___ __________ __________ ___ ________.
______ ___ __________ ______ _____ ___.
______ __________ _________ ________ ____ ___ ______.
_________ ________ ___ _________ _______.
____ __________ _____ __________ _________ ________ __________ _________.
_______ _________ ________ _______ ____ ______ ___ _______.
__________ _________ _______ ___ ______ ____ ___ ______.
________ ________ __________ ____ ______ __________ _________.
___ _________ _____ ______ _____ ______ _______ ___.
________ ____ _______ __________ ________ ______.
______ _________ ___ ____ ______ ________ ______ ____.
____ _________ _______ ___ _____ __________ _______ ___ ________.
_______ _____ ___ _______ ___.
_______ _________ ________ ___ ________ ___ __________.
________ _____ __________ __________ ________ ____ _______ _________ _____ _______.
__________ ________ ________ _____ _______.
______ ________ ________ ___ ____ ________ __________ _________.
___ __________ __________ _____ ________ ____ __________ ___ _______ _______.
__________ _____ _________ ____ _______ _________ ____.
___ ________ _____ ____ _____ ___.
______ _____ _____ __________ _____ ___ ____ _________ ________ ____.
_____ _______ _________ ______ ________.
____ ______ _________ ______ ________ _______ ______ _______.
_____ ____ _______ ___ ___.
________ ______ ________ ___ _____ ________ _____ ________ _______ ____ _________ ____.
_______ _____ ___ ______ _____ _______ _______ _______.
___ ____ _______ _________ ___ ______ __________ ________ _________ _______ ___ ______.
_____ __________ ____ __________ __________ ___ _________ _________.
_________ _______ _________ __________ _______ ______ ________.
____ __________ __________ _______ ________ _______ __________ ___ ___ ______ __________.
__________ _________ ________ _________ ________ ______ ______ __________ _____ ____.
_____ ____ ______ __________ ____ ________ ___.
_______ _______ __________ ________ ____ __________ _______ ________.
__________ _________ _________ ____ ______ _____ _______ ___ __________ ______ ________ ____.
__________ ________ _____ _____ ________ _____ _______ _____ ___ ______ ________ _________.
_____ _________ _________ ___ ______ ____ _________ ___ ___ _______ _______ __________.
____ _______ _________ __________ ________ ______ _______ ___ _________ _______.
_____ ____ ______ _________ _____.
__________ ___ ____ _____ _______ ___ ______ ________ __________.
___ _____ ____ ___ _____ ______ _______.
______ _____ _______ ______ _____ ________.
_____ _____ ____ _____ ______ ___ ____ _________.
_____ ______ _____ ___ _________.
_________ __________ _______ ______ _______.
_______ ________ _________ _________ _________ ______ _____ ________ _______ __________ ________ __________.
____ _____ ___ _______ _________ _________ _____ __________.
______ __________ ________ _____ _______ ________ _________ ______ _____.
_________ ___ ______ _______ ______.
____ ________ ________ _____ _________ _______ ______ __________ _____ ___ __________ ___.
________ ______ _____ __________ _________.
_______ ______ _____ ________ _________.
_________ ____ __________ ____ ______.
________ ____ ____ _______ _______ ________.
_______ ______ ____ _________ ____ _____ _____ ___ ________ ______ _____.
______ _______ __________ _______ _________ __________ ______ ___.
___ ____ ________ ____ ________ _______ _______ ____.
_________ ______ ___ __________ ____ ________ ________ _____ ___ _________ _______ _______.
_________ _________ ________ ______ ___.
_______ ________ ______ ___ ________ _____ ____ ___ _____ ______ __________ ________.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp