Describe various techniques used to remove the geometric errors of an image. 

Geometric errors in images can arise due to a variety of factors such as the sensor geometry, camera calibration errors, terrain relief, and satellite orbital variations. These errors can lead to distorted images, making it difficult to interpret and analyze them. Therefore, it is important to remove these geometric errors to obtain accurate and reliable images. In this article, we will discuss various techniques used to remove geometric errors in images.

1. Orthorectification Orthorectification is a technique used to remove geometric distortions in images caused by terrain relief. Terrain relief causes an image to appear curved instead of being flat. Orthorectification involves projecting the image onto a flat surface, such as a map, to remove these distortions. This process involves using a digital elevation model (DEM) of the area and sensor model parameters to correct the image geometry. Orthorectification is commonly used in remote sensing applications, particularly in aerial and satellite imagery.

2. Radiometric Correction Radiometric correction is a technique used to remove errors in image brightness and contrast caused by atmospheric scattering and sensor calibration errors. Atmospheric scattering causes a decrease in image contrast and brightness, especially in areas with high humidity and cloud cover. Radiometric correction involves correcting the image using calibration parameters derived from the sensor used to acquire the image. This technique also involves removing noise and other artifacts in the image to enhance its quality.

3. Geometric Rectification Geometric rectification is a technique used to remove errors _____ ______ ____ __________ ____ ______ __________ ______ ____ _______ _________ _______.
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