Describe typology of urban informal settlement. Explain causes and formation of informal settlements.

Urban informal settlements, often known as slums or squatter settlements, are areas where people live without legal recognition or proper planning. These settlements are typically characterized by poor infrastructure, inadequate housing, lack of basic services such as clean water, sanitation, and electricity, and generally substandard living conditions. Informal settlements are prevalent in many cities worldwide, especially in developing countries, where rapid urbanization and rural-to-urban migration have outpaced the capacity of formal urban development systems. The typology of these settlements can be understood in terms of their formation processes, socio-economic conditions, and physical attributes.

### Typology of Urban Informal Settlements

The typology of urban informal settlements is diverse, reflecting a range of socio-economic factors, geographical conditions, and historical contexts. Broadly, informal settlements can be categorized into different types based on factors such as the method of land acquisition, infrastructure, and the degree of organization within the community. The primary types include:

1. Squatter Settlements: These are areas where people have settled on land without legal permission. Squatters typically build homes using whatever materials are available, often leading to poorly constructed and unsafe dwellings. These settlements often form on land that is not meant for residential purposes, such as vacant plots, riverbanks, or steep hillsides.

2. Slums: Slums are urban areas characterized ________ _____ ____ ___ _______ ____ _________ ______ ________.
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