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# Trevor Hancock’s Mandala of Health Trevor Hancock’s Mandala of Health is a conceptual model that explains the complex inter-relationship between human health and the environment. It was developed by Canadian public health physician Trevor Hancock, drawing on the ecological approach to health promotion. The model emphasizes that health is not determined only by medical care, genetics or individual behaviour. Instead, health is influenced by a wide range of interacting biological, social, cultural, economic, environmental and political factors. The Mandala of Health therefore provides a holistic framework for understanding health as a product of the relationship between individuals and their physical, social and ecological surroundings. The term “mandala” refers to a circular representation in which different elements are arranged around a central point. Hancock’s model uses this circular structure to show that human beings are at the centre of a network of influences. The different layers surrounding the individual are interconnected rather than independent. A change in one part of the system can influence other parts and ultimately affect health. Thus, the model is particularly useful for understanding environmental health and the broader determinants of health. At the centre of the Mandala is the individual or person. The individual possesses biological characteristics such as age, sex, genetic inheritance and physiological characteristics. These characteristics influence susceptibility to disease and the ability of the body to respond to environmental conditions. However, the model does not consider the individual in isolation. A person continuously interacts with family, community, society and the physical environment. Health is consequently regarded as a dynamic outcome of these interactions. The first important layer surrounding the individual consists of personal factors and behaviour. Lifestyle practices such as diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep, personal hygiene and use of health services can influence health. For example, a nutritious diet and regular physical activity can reduce ___ _______ ______ _______ _______ _________ ___ ______ ________ ________ __________ ________.
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