Word Count : 1180

---

Broadband decoupling and off-resonance decoupling are important techniques used in ^13C NMR spectroscopy to improve the appearance and interpretability of carbon spectra. Since ^13C nuclei have relatively low natural abundance and sensitivity, ^13C NMR spectra are generally weaker than ^1H NMR spectra. In addition, carbon atoms are coupled to attached hydrogen nuclei through ^13C–^1H spin-spin interactions, producing multiplet patterns that can make spectra complicated. Decoupling techniques remove or modify these proton-carbon couplings and thereby provide useful information about the structure of organic compounds. In a normal proton-coupled ^13C NMR spectrum, a carbon atom bonded to hydrogen shows splitting according to the number of directly attached hydrogen atoms. A CH3 carbon generally appears as a quartet, a CH2 carbon as a triplet, a CH carbon as a doublet, and a quaternary carbon as a singlet. Although this coupling contains structural information, it also spreads the signal intensity over several lines and makes the spectrum more complicated. Decoupling is therefore employed to simplify the spectrum and, in particular, to enhance the sensitivity of ^13C signals. Broadband decoupling, also called proton broadband decoupling or ^1H decoupling, is the most commonly used method in routine ^13C NMR spectroscopy. In this technique, the proton resonance region is irradiated continuously with a strong radiofrequency field while the ^13C spectrum is being recorded. The irradiation affects essentially all of the protons over a broad range of chemical shifts. As a result, the ^1H ________ _________ ______ ___ ________ ___ ____ _______ _____ ___.
______ ____ _________ ___ _______ ______ ____ __________ ______.
______ __________ _____ _________ _________ _______ ___ __________.
________ ____ ___ ________ ______ _____ ______ __________ ________ __________.
____ __________ _______ _______ _______ __________ _______ ___ _________ _____ ____.
______ ____ ________ _____ _____ __________ ______ __________ _________ _______.
_________ ______ _______ _________ _____.
____ __________ _______ _______ _______ _________ ___ _____ _______ ___.
_________ _____ ______ _______ _____ _____ ______ _______ _____.
________ __________ _____ ________ ________ ________ ________.
________ _________ _______ _________ ________.
__________ _____ ___ _______ _________ ____ ________ _____ __________ __________.
____ ________ ________ __________ ____ ______ __________ _____ ___.
__________ ___ ___ ____ ___ ______ _________ __________ ______ _________ _______.
_______ ____ _________ _________ ______ _________.
________ ______ _______ _______ ____.
___ ______ _________ __________ ____ ____ ______ ___ ___.
___ ________ ____ _____ ___ _________ _________ _________ ___ ___ _____.
_____ __________ ________ __________ ____ _______ _______ ________ _____ ______.
____ _________ _________ _________ ___ _________ _________ _______.
_______ ______ ______ ___ ___ ______ __________ _______ ____ _________ ________.
__________ _____ ___ _______ ______ ________ _______ ______.
_________ _______ ________ ____ ____ _______ _________ ______ _______.
___ ___ ________ ____ _______.
______ __________ _________ ______ _______ ________ ___ ________ ______ ________ ______ ______.
______ ______ ____ __________ __________ ________ ____ _____ __________ ___ ___.
__________ ___ ________ _________ ____ ___ _____ _________ __________.
________ _______ ____ _____ ________ ___ ________ ________ __________ ____ __________.
___ __________ _________ _______ _____ _________.
________ _________ ___ _________ __________ ______ __________ ____ _________ ____.
______ _____ ____ ________ _______ ___ _______ ____ ____.
___ ____ ______ ________ _______ ____ __________ ____ ______ _________.
___ _______ __________ _____ ______ _________ ____ ___ ___ ________ _______.
_______ _________ ____ ____ _____ _____ ______ ___ ________ ________.
________ ______ ________ __________ _________ _________ ______ ___ ____ ________.
____ _________ ________ ____ _________ _____ ______.
_____ __________ ____ ______ ____ __________ ______.
_______ _________ ___ ________ __________ _____ __________.
________ ________ ____ ______ ____ ___ _____ ______ _______ ______ ______ _____.
_________ __________ ___ _____ ____ ________ ______ ____.
______ ____ ___ ________ _____ _____ _______ ________ ___.
______ ________ ________ ___ _________ ______ _______ __________ __________ ___ _________ _______.
_______ _____ ___ _____ _________ ______.
_________ __________ _____ ___ ___ __________.
____ ________ ________ _________ ______ __________ _____.
_____ __________ _____ ______ __________ _____ ___ ___ _____ _______.
_________ __________ ______ _______ ______ ________ ______ ____.
___ __________ ______ _________ __________ __________ __________ ___.
_________ ____ ________ ______ __________ ____ _____ __________ _________ ______ _________ ______.
_______ _________ _____ __________ _______ ___ ___ ________ ____ _________.
_______ _______ __________ __________ ____.
______ ________ __________ __________ _______ ___ ________ __________ __________.
_____ ________ _________ ____ _________ ______ ___ _________ ______ ____ _________ ____.
_________ _________ _________ _________ ___ _________ _____ ____.
__________ ________ __________ ___ _________ ___ ______ ___ ______ _________ ___ ___.
____ _____ ______ ______ _______ ________ _________.
__________ ______ _____ ________ __________ _____ __________ ___.
_________ ________ __________ __________ ____.
_________ _______ ____ ____ ______ ________ _________ ____ _________.
_______ _____ _________ __________ ____ _______ __________ __________ __________ _____.
_____ ___ _______ ____ ______ ________ _______ ________ ____.
___ __________ ____ ____ ______ _____ _____ __________.
______ ______ _____ ____ ___ ____ _______ _____ _______ _________ _________ ___.
_______ _____ ________ _________ ___.
___ __________ __________ __________ ____ ____.
__________ ___ _____ ___ __________ ________.
_______ ______ ________ ______ _____ ___ _____.
____ ________ _________ ________ ________ _____ ______ __________ ___ _________ ____.
_____ _____ ________ ________ ___ _________ ___ _________ ______ ___ ________.
___ _____ ___ ________ __________ _______ ___ _______ _______.
______ ______ _________ ____ ______ _______ ___ ______ ____ _______.
__________ _________ __________ __________ _________ ______.
____ _____ _______ __________ ____ _______ _________.
______ _______ __________ _____ _________ __________ _________ _________ _______ ___ ______ _____.
_____ ____ ___ ________ _______ ________ ___ ______ ______ ________ _____.
_____ ______ _____ ______ __________ _____ ______ ____ _____.
______ __________ ______ __________ _____ __________ ____ _____ ___.
________ ________ ______ ___ ____ ___ _________ ______ __________ _________ _______ ________.
_____ _____ __________ ___ ____ _________ _________ _______ ___ _____ _______.
_________ ___ _________ ________ _______ _______ ______ ___.
____ ______ ____ ___ ______ ____ ________ __________.
_____ ______ _________ ____ _________ _____ __________ ______ ____.
______ _______ ____ __________ _________ ______.
___ ______ ____ ________ ______.
____ ______ ______ __________ ____ ______ _______ _______ ________ __________ __________ _________.
________ _______ _____ __________ _________ _______ __________.
____ _______ _________ _______ _________ ______ __________ _________.
___ _____ ________ ____ _____ ______ __________ ____.
__________ ___ __________ ___ _________.
______ _____ _______ ________ _________ _________ _____ _______ _______.
____ _____ ___ ____ ____.
_____ __________ ____ ____ ______ ______ _______.
_______ _____ __________ _______ ___ _____ ___ ______ ______.
_________ _______ ____ _____ __________ ________ ________ ____ ____ __________.
________ _________ ______ ___ __________ ________ __________.
____ ___ _________ ___ _________ ___ __________ _____ ___ ____.
_____ ________ _______ _______ _____ __________ ______ ________ ____ _______.
_______ __________ ___ _______ ______ ____ ________ ______ ______ _________ ____.
_____ ___ ____ _______ _____ ____ ____ __________.
________ ____ _________ _____ ____ ____ __________ _______ ________.
_________ _________ ____ _________ ____ ______ ___ ___ ____ __________ ________.
______ ___ ____ ________ _____ ______ _____ _________ ___ _______ ____ _______.
________ __________ __________ ________ ________ _________.
__________ ________ _____ _____ _____.
________ _______ _______ ____ ____ ____ _______ __________ ____ ___ ________.
_____ __________ _________ _________ _______ __________ ______.
__________ ___ __________ _____ ______ ________ ____ ______ ______ ______.
____ _______ ______ _____ ___ ______ _______ ______ ______ ___ ______.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp