Describe the urea cycle and give a tabulated presentation of urea cycle disorders.

The urea cycle, also known as the ornithine cycle, is a vital metabolic pathway that occurs primarily in the liver. Its primary function is to convert ammonia, which is toxic at high concentrations, into urea, a less toxic compound that can be excreted from the body through the urine. The cycle involves a series of biochemical reactions that convert nitrogen waste from protein metabolism into urea, which is then excreted by the kidneys.

The cycle begins with ammonia (NH₃) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) combining to form carbamoyl phosphate, a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1). This step occurs in the mitochondria. The carbamoyl phosphate then reacts with ornithine, a compound derived from the amino acid arginine, to form citrulline, which moves into the cytosol. In the cytosol, citrulline combines with aspartate to form argininosuccinate in a reaction catalyzed _____ __________ _________ _________ ____ ___.
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