Describe the methods of policy evaluation

The conceptual field of governance has grown partly as an acknowledgement of major gaps in traditional treatments of development policy and management. We see the insufficiency of focusing only on government as the State; and the need for a wider perspective of governance, understood as the ‘array of ways in which interplay between the State, the market, and society is ordered’ (‘Insights’, 23 Sept. 1997, IDS Sussex). And we realize now how ineffective or disaster-prone public policy can be when key factors conducive to effective policy formation and implementation are absent, including sufficient political legitimacy and accountability, an adequately functioning legal apparatus, systems for public expression and social learning, and peace rather than war. A governance perspective brings an expectation of a more complex approach to policy evaluation than approaches which assume no substantial interplay between State, market and society; more complex, for example, than the assessment of projects with saleable inputs and outputs as if market-based or market-inspired criteria suffice. Similarly, the significance of legitimacy, accountability and public feedback have implications for the content and procedural design of policy evaluation. My usage of ‘policy’ and ‘evaluation’ will be as follows. ‘Policy’ here covers project and programme levels as well as those of strategy and framework. It concerns activities in the name of or directed to the benefit of ___ ______ ______ ______ _________ __________ _____ ________.
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