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Health care in rural India has historically faced numerous challenges, including lack of accessibility, inadequate infrastructure, shortage of skilled medical personnel, and limited awareness about preventive health measures. Over the decades, both government and non-government organizations have initiated multiple programs aimed at improving the health outcomes of rural populations. These initiatives focus on reducing mortality and morbidity, enhancing maternal and child health, controlling communicable and non-communicable diseases, and promoting health education and awareness. The Government of India has played a pivotal role in expanding health care in rural areas through a structured and multi-tiered approach. One of the foundational initiatives is the Primary Health Care (PHC) system, established under the National Health Policy. PHCs serve as the first point of contact for rural populations, providing preventive, promotive, and basic curative services. Each PHC covers approximately 30,000 people in plains and 20,000 in hilly or tribal areas, staffed with doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and health workers. Alongside PHCs, Sub-Centres (SCs) act as the most peripheral health units, focusing on maternal and child health, immunization, and health education. These centers are crucial for early detection of diseases and timely referral to higher centers. The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), launched in 2005 and later merged into the National Health Mission (NHM), has been a major government initiative specifically targeting rural health. NRHM focused on strengthening health infrastructure, providing financial incentives for institutional deliveries, training community health workers (Accredited Social Health Activists or ASHAs), and ensuring the availability of essential medicines and equipment. ASHAs, selected from local communities, act as a bridge between the rural population and health services, promoting immunization, antenatal care, and hygiene practices. The _____ ___ ___ ________ _____ ______ __________ _________ ________.
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