Describe the key concepts used by Durkheim to understand religion.

Durkheim’s last major book “The elementary forms of Religious life” (1912) has been regarded as one of the most profound and most original work upon Religion. It is regarded as his best and most mature work. Where suicide focused on a large amount of statistics from varying sources, the elementary forms of Religious life used one case study in depth, the Australian aborigines.

Durkheim choose this group because he felt they represented the most basic, elementary forms of religion within a culture. Durkheim set out to do two things, established the fact that religion was not divinely or super naturally inspired and was in fact a product of society. Durkheim also sought to identify the common things that religion placed an emphasis upon, as well as what effects those religious beliefs had on the lives of all within a society.

According to Durkheim, religion is something eminently social. Religious representations are collective representations which express collective reality. Recognizing the social origin of religion, Durkheim argued that religion acted as a source of solidarity. Religion provides a meaning for life. Durkheim saw it as a critical part of the social system. Religion provides social control, cohesion and purpose for people as well as another means of communication and gathering for individuals to interact and reaffirm social norms.

Durkheim’s concern about religion lay in the fact that it was one of the main agencies of solidarity and morality in society and was therefore parts of the central problem of social solidarity which he wished to explore. Emile Durkheim has many purposes for studying elementary forms of Religion.

Firstly:

Durkheim wanted to clear all its obsession by writing a book on religion before his death. His duty was to know the problem of the society.

Secondly:

Durkheim was influenced by two scholars.

1. W. Roberton Smith, in his book “The religion of semites” (1894) concluded that ancient religions consisted primarily of institutions and practices that is of rites and ceremonies and that myths that is beliefs and creeds, were an outgrowth of these. In fact his _________ ____ ______ _____ _________ _______.
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