Describe the formation of depletion layer in a p-n junction diode. Explain the I-V characteristics of p-n junction in forward and reversed biased conditions.

A p-n junction diode is a fundamental semiconductor device formed by joining a p-type (positively doped) semiconductor region with an n-type (negatively doped) semiconductor region. The interface between these two regions is called the p-n junction. The behavior of a p-n junction diode is governed by the interaction of majority and minority charge carriers and the formation of a depletion layer.

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