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The policy of positive discrimination and affirmative action in India evolved as a response to centuries of social inequality, caste-based discrimination, and exclusion faced by marginalized communities. It is rooted in the principles of social justice, equality, and inclusive development. The primary objective of affirmative action is to provide disadvantaged groups with equal opportunities in education, employment, and political participation so that they can overcome historical disadvantages and participate fully in national development. The origins of positive discrimination can be traced to the social reform movements of the nineteenth century. Reformers such as Jyotirao Phule, Savitribai Phule, Narayana Guru, and later Dr. B.R. Ambedkar challenged the caste system and demanded equal rights for oppressed communities. During the colonial period, the British ____ ______ _______ _________ _______ _____ _________ _________ _____ _________ ___ ______.
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