Describe the disinfection procedure for various articles used in ward for patient care.

Disinfection is a critical aspect of patient care in healthcare settings to prevent infections and ensure a safe environment. Various articles and equipment used in the ward, such as bedpans, linens, medical instruments, and surfaces, are exposed to bodily fluids, pathogens, and other contaminants. Proper disinfection of these items helps reduce the risk of cross-contamination and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The disinfection procedure for these articles can be broken down into different categories based on the type of object and the level of disinfection required.

### 1. Disinfection of Medical Instruments
Medical instruments, including thermometers, stethoscopes, blood pressure cuffs, and other reusable devices, are frequently exposed to patients and can carry pathogens. The disinfection procedure involves cleaning, followed by chemical or physical disinfection.

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