Describe the changes that occurred in the economy, society and polity from the Rigvedic to the Later Vedic phase.

The growth of agriculture in the Later Vedic period was made possible by the availability of vast tracts of fertile alluvial lands of the Ganga-Yamuna Doab and the middle-Ganga valley. This was an area which was slowly settled throughout the first millennium BCE. However, the Later Vedic texts reflect the continued importance of pastoralism. Both archaeological and literary sources document the introduction of rice as the staple diet of the people. The PGW and Banas culture have yielded charred grains of rice from excavated sites. The Vedic texts mention Vrihi, Tandula and Sali, all denoting rice. It appears that double cropping was practised now, and the fields grew both barley and rice. The elaborate sacrifices of this period, e.g. the Rajasuya, include offerings of grain along with milk, ghee and animals. The twelve sacrifices prescribed in the Atharvaveda for acquiring material benefits recommend the gifts of cows, calves, oxen, gold, cooked rice, thatched houses and well cultivated fields to the brahmanas. The items of the offerings are a clear indication of the growing importance of sedentary settlements _____ ______ _______ _________ ________ ___ ___ _________ _______ ___ ____.
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